![]() The contents of the spinal canal are at risk of injury during spinal instrumentation.Įarlier, laminar hooks and sublaminar wires were used for spinal instrumentation. In the thoracic spine, the spinal cord and segmental nerves constitute the content of the spinal canal. These are situated between the transverse process and the spinous process. Pedicles of the vertebrae are the short, thick, cylindrical bony processes that project posteriorly from the superior part of the vertebral body and fuse with the laminae to form the neural arch. These findings would not only be of immense help to the spinal surgeons but also help in designing implants and instrumentations specific for the thoracic spine for the central Indian population as well as aiding surgeons to perform more precise and, therefore, safe surgical procedures. The pedicles are directed more medially from T1 to T10 levels and are almost neutral at T11 and T12 levels. We have reported detailed pedicle measurements including their angulation for the thoracic spine in dry vertebral columns of central India. T1 vertebra had the maximum transverse angle of the pedicle (mean 30.37☒.56 degree) whereas, T2 vertebra had the maximum sagittal angle (mean 19.22☒.24 degree). T12 vertebra was found to have the widest pedicle width (mean 7.89 ± 0.70 mm) and the widest pedicle height (mean 15.45☐.78 mm) while T5 vertebra (mean 3.65☐.40 mm) had the narrowest pedicle width. Numerical variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The measurements included pedicle width, height, and transverse and sagittal angles of the pedicle. We conducted an anatomical investigation on 20 dry vertebral columns (14 male and six female), from T1 to T12 levels. We aimed to study the anatomical variations like pedicle dimensions and angulation in transverse and sagittal planes. It is particularly challenging in the thoracic spine due to the narrow pedicle dimensions especially in the upper and mid-thoracic levels. Oblique view of cervical vertebra: The parts of a human vertebra.Trans-pedicular screw fixation is one of the main modalities of spinal instrumentation today. ![]() The vertebral arch is formed from two, short, thick processes called pediments that extend posteriorly from the lateral sides of the vertebral body, before joining together at the midline with the laminae. The intervertebral discs that act as ligaments between the vertebral bodies. ![]()
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